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BLISS Language Reference Manual
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CONTENTS
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 BLISS Dialects
1.2 Language Objectives and Characteristics
1.2.1 Design Objectives
1.2.2 Language Overview
1.3 Program Development
1.4 The Main Features of BLISS
1.4.1 Data
1.4.2 Memory Addressing
1.4.3 Fetching Values
1.4.4 Assigning Values
1.4.5 Expressions
1.4.6 Blocks
1.4.7 Declarations
1.4.8 Structures
1.4.9 Flow of Control
1.4.10 Loops
1.4.11 Binding of Names
1.5 Program Transportability
1.6 Effects of Optimization
1.7 The BLISS Programming System
1.7.1 System Components
1.7.2 Constant Expressions
1.8 A Complete Program
2 Lexical Definitions and Syntax Notation
2.1 Characters and Linemarks
2.1.1 Characters
2.1.2 Linemarks
2.2 Lexemes and Spaces
2.2.1 Lexemes
2.2.2 Spaces and Comments
2.3 The Separation Rules
2.4 The Syntax Notation
2.4.1 Syntactic Rules
2.4.2 Syntactic Names and Syntactic Literals
2.4.3 Concatenations
2.4.4 Disjunctions
2.4.5 Replications
2.4.6 Dialectal Differences
3 BLISS Values and Data Representations
3.1 BLISS Values
3.1.1 Fullword Values
3.1.2 Field Values
3.1.3 Extending Values
3.2 Data Segments
3.2.1 Addressable Units and Units per BLISS Value
3.2.2 Scalars
3.2.3 VECTOR Structures
3.2.4 BITVECTOR Structures
3.2.5 BLOCK Structures
3.2.6 BLOCKVECTOR Structures
3.2.7 Programmed Structures
3.3 Character Sequence Data
3.3.1 General Character Representation
3.3.2 Character Sequence Operations
3.3.3 BLISS-16 Character Representation
3.3.4 BLISS-32 Character Representation
3.3.5 BLISS-36 Character Representation
3.4 Storage Organization
3.4.1 The Stack
3.4.2 The Registers
3.4.3 Storage for a Program Module
4 Primary Expressions
4.1 Primaries
4.1.1 Syntax
4.1.2 Semantics
4.2 Numeric-Literals
4.2.1 Syntax
4.2.2 Restrictions
4.2.3 Defaults
4.2.4 Semantics
4.3 String Literals
4.3.1 Syntax
4.3.2 Restrictions
4.3.3 Defaults
4.3.4 Semantics
4.4 PLITs
4.4.1 Syntax
4.4.2 Restrictions
4.4.3 Defaults
4.4.4 Semantics
4.4.5 Pragmatics
4.5 Names
4.5.1 Syntax
4.5.2 Restrictions
4.5.3 Semantics
4.6 Blocks
4.7 Structure-References
4.8 Routine-Calls
4.9 Field-References
4.10 Code Comments
4.10.1 Syntax
4.10.2 Semantics
5 Computational Expressions
5.1 Operator-Expressions
5.1.1 Syntax
5.1.2 Restrictions
5.1.3 Defaults
5.1.4 Semantics
5.1.4.1 Fetch Expressions
5.1.4.2 Prefix Sign Expressions
5.1.4.3 Shift Expression
5.1.4.4 Arithmetic Expressions
5.1.4.5 Relational Expressions
5.1.4.6 Boolean Expressions
5.1.4.7 Assignment Expressions
5.1.5 Pragmatics
5.1.5.1 Explicit Parenthesization
5.1.5.2 The Order of Evaluation
5.1.5.3 Operations on Field Values in BLISS-16/32
5.2 Executable-Functions
5.2.1 Syntax
5.2.2 Semantics
5.2.2.1 SIGN and ABS Functions
5.2.2.2 MAX and MIN Functions
5.2.2.3 The %REF Function
5.2.3 Pragmatics
6 Control Expressions
6.1 Conditional-Expressions
6.1.1 Syntax
6.1.2 Restrictions
6.1.3 Semantics
6.1.4 Pragmatics
6.1.4.1 Nesting of Conditional Expressions
6.1.4.2 Used Versus Discarded Values
6.1.4.3 Complete Versus Incomplete Test Evaluation
6.2 Case-Expressions
6.2.1 Syntax
6.2.2 Restrictions
6.2.3 Semantics
6.2.4 Pragmatics
6.3 Select-Expressions
6.3.1 Syntax
6.3.2 Restrictions
6.3.3 Semantics
6.4 Indexed-Loop-Expressions
6.4.1 Syntax
6.4.2 Restrictions
6.4.3 Defaults
6.4.4 Semantics
6.4.5 Pragmatics
6.5 Tested-Loop-Expressions
6.5.1 Syntax
6.5.2 Restrictions
6.5.3 Semantics
6.5.4 Pragmatics
6.6 Exit-Expressions
6.6.1 Syntax
6.6.2 Restrictions
6.6.3 Semantics
6.6.3.1 Leave-Expressions
6.6.3.2 Exitloop-Expressions
6.6.4 Pragmatics
6.7 Return-Expressions
6.7.1 Syntax
6.7.2 Restrictions
6.7.3 Semantics
7 Constant Expressions
7.1 Compile-Time Constant Expressions
7.1.1 Syntax
7.1.2 Restrictions
7.1.3 Semantics
7.2 Link-Time Constant Expressions
7.2.1 Syntax
7.2.2 Restrictions
7.2.3 Semantics
8 Blocks and Declarations
8.1 Blocks
8.1.1 Syntax
8.1.2 Restrictions
8.1.3 Semantics
8.1.4 Discussion
8.2 Declarations
8.2.1 Syntax
8.2.2 Restrictions
8.2.3 Semantics
8.2.4 Discussion
9 Attributes
9.1 The Allocation-Unit-BLISS-16/32 Only
9.1.1 Syntax
9.1.2 Default
9.1.3 Restriction
9.1.4 Semantics
9.2 The Extension-Attribute-BLISS-16/32 Only
9.2.1 Syntax
9.2.2 Restriction
9.2.3 Default
9.2.4 Semantics
9.3 The Structure-Attribute
9.4 The Field-Attribute
9.4.1 Syntax
9.4.2 Default
9.4.3 Semantics
9.5 The Alignment-Attribute-BLISS-16/32 Only
9.5.1 Syntax
9.5.2 Restrictions
9.5.3 Default
9.5.4 Semantics
9.5.5 Discussion
9.6 The Initial-Attribute
9.6.1 Syntax
9.6.2 Restriction
9.6.3 Default
9.6.4 Semantics
9.6.5 Pragmatics
9.7 The Preset-Attribute
9.7.1 Syntax
9.7.2 Restriction
9.7.3 Default
9.7.4 Semantics
9.7.5 Pragmatics
9.8 The Psect-Allocation Attribute
9.8.1 Syntax
9.8.2 Restrictions
9.8.3 Defaults
9.8.4 Semantics
9.8.5 Pragmatics
9.9 The Volatile-Attribute
9.9.1 Syntax
9.9.2 Semantics
9.10 The Novalue-Attribute
9.10.1 Syntax
9.10.2 Restrictions
9.10.3 Semantics
9.11 The Linkage-Attribute
9.11.1 Syntax
9.11.2 Restrictions
9.11.3 Defaults
9.11.4 Semantics
9.12 The Range-Attribute
9.12.1 Syntax
9.12.2 Restriction
9.12.3 Default
9.12.4 Semantics
9.13 The Addressing-Mode-Attribute-BLISS-16/32 Only
9.13.1 Syntax
9.13.2 Default
9.13.3 Semantics
9.14 The Weak-Attribute-BLISS-32 Only
9.14.1 Syntax
9.14.2 Semantics
9.15 A Summary of Attribute Usage
10 Data Declarations
10.1 Own-Declarations
10.1.1 Syntax
10.1.2 Restrictions
10.1.3 Semantics
10.2 Global-Declarations
10.2.1 Syntax
10.2.2 Restrictions
10.2.3 Semantics
10.3 Forward-Declarations
10.3.1 Syntax
10.3.2 Restrictions
10.3.3 Semantics
10.4 External-Declarations
10.4.1 Syntax
10.4.2 Restrictions
10.4.3 Semantics
10.5 Local-Declarations
10.5.1 Syntax
10.5.2 Restrictions
10.5.3 Semantics
10.5.4 Pragmatics
10.6 Stacklocal-Declarations
10.6.1 Syntax
10.6.2 Restrictions
10.6.3 Semantics
10.7 Register-Declarations
10.7.1 Syntax
10.7.2 Restrictions
10.7.3 Semantics
10.7.4 Pragmatics
10.8 Global-Register-Declarations
10.8.1 Syntax
10.8.2 Restrictions
10.8.3 Semantics
10.9 External-Register-Declarations
10.9.1 Syntax
10.9.2 Restrictions
10.9.3 Defaults
10.9.4 Semantics
10.10 Map-Declarations
10.10.1 Syntax
10.10.2 Restrictions
10.10.3 Semantics
11 Data Structures
11.1 Introduction to Data Structures
11.1.1 The Abstract Definition of Data Structures
11.1.2 The Concrete Representation of Data Structures
11.1.3 The Programmed Description of Data Structures
11.1.3.1 Field-References
11.1.3.2 Structure-Declarations
11.1.3.3 Structure Allocation
11.1.3.4 Structure-References
11.1.3.5 REF Structures
11.1.3.6 Interchangeable Structure-Declarations
11.1.3.7 Decimal Digit Arrays in BLISS-16 and BLISS-36
11.1.4 Conclusion
11.2 Field-References
11.2.1 Syntax
11.2.2 Restrictions
11.2.3 Default
11.2.4 Semantics
11.2.5 Discussion
11.2.5.1 Examples
11.2.5.2 Field-References in Structure-Declarations
11.2.5.3 Field-References and Expressions in General
11.2.5.4 Operations on Scalar Field Values
11.3 Structure-Declarations
11.3.1 Syntax
11.3.2 Restrictions
11.3.3 Semantics
11.4 Structure-Attributes and Storage Allocation
11.4.1 Syntax
11.4.2 Restrictions
11.4.3 Semantics
11.5 Field-Declarations
11.5.1 Syntax
11.5.2 Restrictions
11.5.3 Semantics
11.6 Field-Attributes
11.6.1 Syntax
11.6.2 Restrictions
11.6.3 Semantics
11.7 Ordinary-Structure-References
11.7.1 Syntax
11.7.2 Restrictions
11.7.3 Semantics
11.7.4 Discussion
11.8 Default-Structure-References
11.8.1 Syntax
11.8.2 Restrictions
11.8.3 Semantics
11.8.4 Discussion
11.9 General-Structure-References
11.9.1 Syntax
11.9.2 Restrictions
11.9.3 Semantics
11.9.4 Discussion
11.10 Predeclared Structures
11.10.1 VECTOR Structures
11.10.2 BITVECTOR Structures
11.10.3 BLOCK Structures
11.10.3.1 A Typical Byte-Oriented BLOCK Structure
11.10.3.2 BLOCK Field-References
11.10.3.3 BLOCK Allocation
11.10.3.4 BLOCK Structure-References
11.10.3.5 BLOCK Field-Declarations
11.10.4 BLOCKVECTOR Structures
11.11 Other Structures
11.11.1 ``One-Origin'' Vector Structures
11.11.2 ``Bounds Checking'' Vector Structures
11.11.3 Two-Dimensional Array Structures
11.11.4 Symmetric Array Structures
11.11.5 Noncontinuous Block Structures
11.11.6 Partially Overlaid Structures
11.11.7 General-Purpose Structures for Default Structure References
12 Routines
12.1 Ordinary-Routine-Calls
12.1.1 Syntax
12.1.2 Restrictions
12.1.3 Semantics
12.1.4 Pragmatics
12.2 General-Routine-Calls
12.2.1 Syntax
12.2.2 Restrictions
12.2.3 Semantics
12.3 Routine-Declarations
12.3.1 Syntax
12.3.2 Semantics
12.4 Ordinary-Routine-Declarations
12.4.1 Syntax
12.4.2 Restrictions
12.4.3 Defaults
12.4.4 Semantics
12.4.5 Pragmatics
12.4.5.1 Parameter Passing
12.4.5.2 Allocation of Formal-Name Data Segments
12.4.5.3 Attributes for Formal-Names
12.4.5.4 Computed Routine Addresses
12.5 Global-Routine-Declarations
12.5.1 Syntax
12.5.2 Restrictions
12.5.3 Defaults
12.5.4 Semantics
12.6 Forward-Routine-Declarations
12.6.1 Syntax
12.6.2 Restrictions
12.6.3 Semantics
12.7 External-Routine-Declarations
12.7.1 Syntax
12.7.2 Restrictions
12.7.3 Semantics
13 Linkages
13.1 Introduction to Linkage-Declarations
13.1.1 Register Usage
13.1.1.1 Special Purposes
13.1.1.2 General Purposes
13.1.1.3 Other Purposes
13.1.1.4 Multiple Purposes
13.1.2 Typical Syntax
13.1.3 Restrictions
13.1.4 Semantics
13.1.4.1 Linkage-Types
13.1.4.2 Parameter-Locations
13.1.4.2.1 Argument Pointer Method
13.1.4.2.2 Implicit Stack Location Method
13.1.4.2.3 Register Parameters
13.1.5 Linkage-Options
13.2 BLISS-16 Linkage-Declarations
13.2.1 Syntax
13.2.2 Restrictions
13.2.3 Defaults
13.2.4 Semantics
13.2.4.1 INTERRUPT Linkage-Type
13.2.4.2 EMT, TRAP, and IOT Linkage-Types
13.2.4.3 RSX_AST Linkage-Type
13.2.5 BLISS-16 Predeclared Linkage-Names
13.3 BLISS-32 Linkage-Declarations
13.3.1 Syntax
13.3.2 Restrictions
13.3.3 Defaults
13.3.4 Semantics
13.3.4.1 JSB Linkage-Type
13.3.4.2 INTERRUPT Linkage-Type
13.3.5 BLISS-32 Predeclared Linkage-Names
13.4 BLISS-36 Linkage-Declarations
13.4.1 Syntax
13.4.2 Restrictions
13.4.3 Defaults
13.4.4 Semantics
13.4.4.1 PUSHJ Linkage-Type
13.4.4.2 JSYS Linkage-Type
13.4.4.3 F10 Linkage-Type
13.4.4.4 PS_INTERRUPT Linkage-Type
13.4.5 BLISS-36 Predeclared Linkage-Names
13.5 Common Predeclared Linkage-Names
13.5.1 The BLISS Linkages
13.5.2 The FORTRAN Linkages
13.6 Linkage-Functions
13.6.1 Common Linkage-Functions
13.6.1.1 Definition
13.6.1.2 Examples
13.6.2 BLISS-16 and BLISS-32 Linkage-Functions
13.7 Global Register Data Segments and Linkages
13.7.1 Discussion
13.7.2 Guidelines for BLISS-16
13.7.3 Guidelines for BLISS-32
13.7.4 Guidelines for BLISS-36
14 Binding
14.1 Literal-Declarations
14.1.1 Syntax
14.1.2 Restrictions
14.1.3 Defaults
14.1.4 Semantics
14.1.5 Predeclared Literals
14.2 External-Literal-Declarations
14.2.1 Syntax
14.2.2 Restrictions
14.2.3 Defaults
14.2.4 Semantics
14.3 Bind-Data-Declarations
14.3.1 Syntax
14.3.2 Restrictions
14.3.3 Defaults
14.3.4 Semantics
14.4 Bind-Routine-Declarations
14.4.1 Syntax
14.4.2 Restrictions
14.4.3 Default
14.4.4 Semantics
15 Lexical Functions
15.1 Introduction to Lexical Processing
15.1.1 From Characters to Lexemes
15.1.2 Lexeme-by-Lexeme Processing
15.1.3 Binding
15.1.4 Expansion
15.1.5 An Example of Lexical Processing
15.2 Quotation
15.2.1 Quote Levels
15.2.2 Quotation Rules
15.3 Lexical-Expressions
15.3.1 Syntax
15.3.2 Semantics
15.3.2.1 Types of Numeric-Literals
15.3.2.2 Types of String-Literals
15.3.2.3 Numeric- and String-Literals
15.3.3 Discussion
15.3.4 Pragmatics
15.4 Lexical-Functions in General
15.4.1 Syntax
15.4.2 Restrictions
15.4.3 Semantics
15.5 Specific Lexical-Functions
15.5.1 Quote Levels for Lexical-Actual-Parameters
15.5.2 String-Functions
15.5.2.1 Definition
15.5.2.2 Examples
15.5.3 Delimiter-Functions
15.5.3.1 Definition
15.5.3.2 Examples
15.5.4 Name-Functions
15.5.4.1 Definition
15.5.4.2 Examples
15.5.5 Sequence-Test-Functions
15.5.5.1 Definition
15.5.5.2 Examples
15.5.6 Expression-Test-Functions
15.5.6.1 Definition
15.5.6.2 Examples
15.5.7 Bits-Functions
15.5.7.1 Definition
15.5.7.2 Examples
15.5.8 Allocation-Functions
15.5.8.1 Definition
15.5.8.2 Examples
15.5.9 Fieldexpand-Function
15.5.9.1 Definition
15.5.9.2 Examples
15.5.10 Calculation-Functions
15.5.10.1 Definition
15.5.10.2 Example
15.5.11 Compiler-State-Functions
15.5.11.1 Definitions
15.5.11.2 Examples
15.5.12 Advisory-Functions
15.5.12.1 Definitions
15.5.12.2 Examples
15.5.13 Titling-Functions
15.5.13.1 Definition
15.5.13.2 Examples
15.5.14 Quote-Functions
15.5.14.1 Definitions
15.5.14.2 Examples
15.5.15 Macro-Functions
15.5.15.1 Definition
15.5.15.2 Examples
15.5.16 Require-Function
15.5.16.1 Definition
15.5.16.2 Examples
15.5.17 Summary of Lexical-Functions
15.6 Lexical-Conditionals
15.6.1 Syntax
15.6.2 Restrictions
15.6.3 Semantics
15.7 Compile-Time Declarations
15.7.1 Syntax
15.7.2 Semantics
16 Macros
16.1 Introduction to Macros
16.1.1 Macro Declarations and Calls
16.1.2 Macros with Parameters
16.1.3 Parenthesization of Macros
16.1.4 Quotation Rules and Macros
16.1.5 A Survey of Macros and Related Facilities
16.2 Macro-Declarations
16.2.1 Syntax
16.2.2 Restrictions
16.2.3 Semantics
16.2.3.1 Lexical Processing of Macro-Definitions
16.2.3.2 Interpretation of Macro-Definitions
16.2.4 Predeclared Macros
16.3 Macro-Calls
16.3.1 Syntax
16.3.2 Restrictions
16.3.3 Semantics
16.3.3.1 Lexical Processing of Macro-Calls
16.3.3.2 Expansion of Simple Macros
16.3.3.3 Expansion of Conditional Macros
16.3.3.4 Expansion of Iterative-Macros
16.3.3.5 Expansion of Keyword-Macros
16.3.4 Discussion
16.3.4.1 Introductory Examples
16.3.4.2 Default Punctuation
16.4 Examples of Macros
16.4.1 Macros for Initializing a BLOCK Structure
16.4.2 A Complicated Macro
16.4.3 Nested Macro Definition
16.4.4 Declarations Within Macros
16.5 Require-Declarations
16.5.1 Syntax
16.5.2 Restrictions
16.5.3 Semantics
16.6 Library-Declarations
16.6.1 Syntax
16.6.2 Restrictions
16.6.3 Semantics
17 Condition Handling
17.1 Introduction to Condition Handling
17.1.1 Routines
17.1.2 Signals
17.1.3 Processing
17.2 Enable-Declarations
17.2.1 Syntax
17.2.2 Restrictions
17.2.3 Semantics
17.3 Signaling
17.3.1 Condition Values
17.3.2 Explicit Signals
17.3.3 Implicit Signals
17.3.4 Unwind Signals
17.4 Condition-Handling Routines
17.4.1 Restrictions
17.4.2 Parameters
17.4.2.1 The Signal Parameter
17.4.2.2 The Mechanism Parameter
17.4.2.3 The Enable Parameter
17.4.3 Handler Options
17.4.3.1 Continuation
17.4.3.2 Resignaling
17.4.3.3 Unwinding
17.5 Condition-Handling Flow of Control
17.5.1 Definition
17.5.1.1 Normal Flow of Control
17.5.1.2 Modified Flow of Control for Nested Signals
17.5.2 Discussion
17.5.2.1 Examples of Flow of Control
17.5.2.2 Recursive Handlers
17.5.2.3 Condition Handling and Linkage Interactions
17.6 Examples
17.6.1 Accessing and Defining Condition Values
17.6.1.1 Condition Values in BLISS-16
17.6.1.2 Condition Values in BLISS-32
17.6.1.3 Condition Values in BLISS-36
17.6.2 A Recursive-Descent Parser
17.6.3 Performance Measurement
17.6.4 Target Operating Systems and Condition Handling
17.6.4.1 PDP-11 Operating Systems
17.6.4.2 The VMS Operating System
17.6.4.3 TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 Operating Systems
18 Special Features
18.1 Psect-Declarations
18.1.1 Syntax
18.1.2 Restrictions
18.1.3 Defaults
18.1.4 Semantics
18.1.4.1 Storage-Classes
18.1.4.2 Psect-Attributes
18.1.4.3 Psect-Names
18.1.4.4 Interpretation
18.1.5 Discussion
18.2 Switches-Declarations
18.2.1 Syntax
18.2.2 Restrictions
18.2.3 Defaults
18.2.4 Semantics
18.2.4.1 On-Off-Switch-Items
18.2.4.2 Special-Switch-Items
18.2.4.3 List-Options
18.2.5 Discussion
18.3 Built-In-Declarations
18.3.1 Syntax
18.3.2 Restrictions
18.3.3 Semantics
18.4 Label-Declarations
18.4.1 Syntax
18.4.2 Semantics
18.5 Undeclare-Declarations
18.5.1 Syntax
18.5.2 Semantics
18.5.3 Pragmatics
19 Modules and Programs
19.1 Modules
19.1.1 Syntax
19.1.2 Restrictions
19.1.3 Semantics
19.2 Module-Switches
19.2.1 Syntax
19.2.2 Restrictions
19.2.3 Defaults
19.2.4 Semantics
19.2.4.1 Special-Switches
19.2.4.2 On-Off-Switches
19.3 Predefined Names
19.4 Programs
20 Character-Handling Functions
20.1 Fundamental Concepts
20.1.1 Character Sequence Data
20.1.2 Character Sequence Operations
20.2 Functions
20.2.1 Allocation Functions
20.2.1.1 Definition
20.2.1.2 Examples
20.2.2 Pointer Functions
20.2.2.1 Definition
20.2.2.2 Examples
20.2.3 Character-Reading Functions
20.2.3.1 Definition
20.2.3.2 Examples
20.2.4 Character-Writing Functions
20.2.4.1 Definition
20.2.4.2 Examples
20.2.5 Sequence-Writing Functions
20.2.5.1 Definition
20.2.5.2 Examples
20.2.6 Sequence-Comparing Functions
20.2.6.1 Definition
20.2.6.2 Examples
20.2.7 Sequence-Searching Functions
20.2.7.1 Definition
20.2.7.2 Examples
20.2.8 Sequence-Translating Functions
20.2.8.1 Definition
20.2.8.2 Examples
A Predefined Identifiers
B String Encodings
B.1 ASCII Encoding
B.2 Radix-50 Encoding
B.2.1 RAD50_11 Encoding
B.2.2 RAD50_10 Encoding
B.3 Sixbit Encoding
C Transportability Checking
C.1 Full Transportability Checking
C.2 BLISS-16/BLISS-32 Subset Checking
D Built-In Functions
D.1 BLISS-16 Machine-Specific Functions
D.1.1 Memory Management Operations
D.1.2 Processor Status Operations
D.1.3 Bit Manipulation Operations
D.1.4 Arithmetic Operations
D.1.5 Arithmetic Comparison Operations
D.1.6 Arithmetic Conversion Operations
D.1.7 Processor Action Operations
D.1.8 Miscellaneous Operations
D.2 BLISS-32 Machine-Specific Functions
D.2.1 Processor Register Operations
D.2.2 Parameter Validation Operations
D.2.3 Program Status Operations
D.2.4 Queue Operations
D.2.5 Bit Manipulation Operations
D.2.6 Arithmetic Operations
D.2.7 Arithmetic Comparison Operations
D.2.8 Arithmetic Conversion Operations
D.2.9 Character String Operations
D.2.10 Decimal String Operations
D.2.11 Processor Action Operations
D.2.12 Miscellaneous Operations
D.3 BLISS-36 Machine-Specific Functions
D.3.1 Logical Operations
D.3.2 Byte Manipulation Operations
D.3.3 Arithmetic Operations
D.3.4 Arithmetic Comparison Operations
D.3.5 Arithmetic Conversion Operations
D.3.6 Machine Code Insertion Operations
D.3.7 System Interface Operations
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